【】What Is the Copper and Copper Ions(Cu^+,Cu^2+) Electron Configuration?

●Ground State Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu;

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹º

(Not4s² 3d⁹)

●Ground State Electron Configuration for Copper Ion,Cu^1+ Ion:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶  3d¹º

●Ground State Electron Configuration for Copper Ion,Cu^2+ Ion:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶  3d⁹

●Unabbreviated Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹º

(Not4s² 3d⁹)

●Abbreviated Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu:

[Ar]4s¹ 3d¹º

(Not 4s² 3d⁹)

●Shorthand Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu:[Ar]4s¹ 3d¹º

(Not 4s² 3d⁹)

●Longhand Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹º

(Not4s² 3d⁹)

●Noble Gas Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu:

[Ar]4s¹ 3d¹º

●Condensed Electron Configuration for Copper,Cu:

[Ar]4s¹ 3d¹º

●Copper Cation Electron Configuration:

Cu^1+ Ion:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶  3d¹º

●Cu^2+ Ion:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶  3d⁹

Explanation:

Here is the way you can follow to write the electron configuration of copper in  just 5 steps.

Electron Configuration Chart for Copper

                   Step-1:

To write electronic configuration of  copper(Cu),we have to know the atomic number of  copper.The atomic number of copper is 29.So copper has 29 electrons and 29 protons.

Look how I find the electron configuration of copper.

                     
                      Step-2:

Now we must memorize the following sequence of the orbitals.

ss   

ps ps 

dps  dps   

fdps fdps fdps fdps....


In a line-

ss ps ps dps dps fdps fdps 

fdps fdps fdps fdps.......               

  Step-3:

Now we have to first number the s-orbital (start with 1s)like this:

1s2s  

p3s   p 4s

dp 5s  dp 6s


fdp7s  fdp 8s...... According to your need.


In a line-

1s2s  p3s   p 4s dp 5s  dp 6s

fdp7s  fdp 8s........

 Remember● s-orbital start with 1s

                  ●   p-orbital start with 2p
                   
                    ●  d-orbital start with 3d
                      ● f-orbital start with 4f

Again,Now(second) we need  number the p-orbital(start with 2p) like this:


ss   

2ps  3ps 

d 4ps   d 5ps   

fd6ps fd7ps fd8ps fd9ps....


In a line--


ss  2ps  3ps  d4ps   d5ps   

fd6ps fd7ps fd8ps fd9ps....

Thirdly,we need number the d-orbital(start with 3d)like this:



ss   

ps ps 

3dps  4dps   

f5dps f6dps f7dps f8dps....




In a line--


ss ps ps 3dps  4dps  

 f5dps f6dps f7dps f8dps....

Fourthly,number the f-orbital(start with 4f) like this:



ss   

ps ps 

dps  dps   

4fdps  5fdps 6fdps 7fdps....

In a line--


ss  ps ps dps  dps  4fdps  5fdps 6fdps 7fdps......

Finally,number s,p,d,f together like this....

1s2s

2p3s   3p4s

3d4p5s 4d5p6s


4f5d6p7s  5f6d7p8s 


6f7d8p9s.........



In a line----

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 8s 
6f 7d 8p 9s.........

How to Do Electron Configuration for Cu

               Step-4:


Now we have to know that

•S-orbital can take maximum 2 electrons.

◆p-orbital can take maximum 6 electrons.

•d-orbital can take maximum 10 electrons.

•f-orbital can take  maximum 14 electrons.

How to Do or Find Electron Configuration of Cu

              Step-5:

Now we know that copper  has 29 electrons.

Electron configuration of  copper will be...

s² s²

p⁶s²  p⁶s²

d⁹ps  dps

fdps fdps fdps....

So,we are getting..

s² s²

p⁶s²  p⁶s²

d⁹

Now we need to number s-orbital according  to above process.

1s² 2s²
p⁶3s²  p⁶4s²

d⁹

Now number p-orbital according to above process.

1s² 2s²

2p⁶3s²  3p⁶4s²

d⁹

Now number d-orbital according to above process

1s² 2s²

2p⁶3s²  3p⁶4s²

3d⁹

In a line....

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁹

This should be the electronic configuration but unfortunately this is not the electronic configuration of copper.Copper has exceptional electronic configuration.

●we have to bear in mind that half-filled and full filled (p,d,f) orbitals gain more stability.That means that np³,np⁶,nd⁵,nd¹º,nf⁷ and nf¹⁴ configurations are more stable.

In a line.......

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁹

From above,we see that 4s has 2 electrons and immediately before 4s,we see 3d has 9 electrons.So 3d⁹ is not stable.It(3d) can be easily stable by taking one electron from 4s.Remember (n-1)d¹ºns¹ is 

more stable than(n-1)d⁹ns²

●so, 4s² will be 4s¹

and 3d⁹ will be 3d¹º

So the electronic configuration of  copper (Cu) is given below:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹º

  
●We  know that the electronic configuration of any element is written in ascending order(low to high) of n.So.....

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹º4s¹

        
Full  Electronic Configuration of copper:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹º4s¹

How to do electron configuration