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Showing posts with the label Introduction (Microbiology)

Vector || Vector Definition ||What is Vector ? | Classification of Vector in Microbiology

Vector || Vector Definition ||What is Vector ? | Classification of Vector in Microbiology Vector || Vector Definition ||What is Vector ? You can say that vector is  an arthropod or any living carrier (e.g. snail) that transfer an infectious agent to a susceptible individual. Types or Classification of Vectors 1.Mechanical Vector The infectious agent is mechanically  transported by a crawling or fying arthropod through soiling of its feet or proboscis;or by passage of organisms through its gastro-intestinal tract and passively excreted. There is no development or multiplication of the infectious agent  on or within the vector. e.g fly, cockroaches, bugs etc. 2. Biologic Vector An arthropod or insect where the parasite multiplies or undergoes some developmental change with or without maturation is called biologic vector. Types : 3 types 1. Propagative : undergoes no cyclical change but multiples in the ...
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Zoonosis |What is Zoonosis?

Short note: Zoonosis (DU-91U) Ans: Zoonosis means disease of animals .Transmission of disease from animal to man is called zoonosis Examples: ◆ Leishmaniasis ◆ Trypanosomasis (Chagas disease and rhodesian sleeping sickness) ◆ Trichinelliasis ◆ Echinococcosis ◆Rabies ◆Plague ◆Anthrax ◆ Brucellosis Nice to know            Autoimmunity It is an inmune reaction in which antibodies develop against some constituents of body's own tissue. e. g.automune antibody developing against RBC and causing anaema in Kala-azar& malaria.                          Hypersensitivity |What is  Hypersensitivity Immune reaction not only protect but an access to the Ag for a second time can produce an abnormally exaggerated response which may themselves be injurious or may be responsible for pathological reactions in...
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Parasites in Humans/ Parasites which enters the skin by penetration./Name the Parasitic Diseases those infect human being by skin piercing./Name the parasites that enter through percutaneous route/Name the parasites which cause infestation by penetrating the skin.

Parasites in Humans/ Parasites which enters the skin by penetration./Name the Parasitic Diseases those infect human being by skin piercing./Name the parasites that enter through percutaneous route/Name the parasites which cause infestation by penetrating the skin. ∆Name of Parasites Which Causes Skin Penetration: • Parasites which causes skin penetration -Ancylostoma duodenale -Necator americanus -Strongyloides Sterocorales -Larva migraine -Schistosomes:S.haematobium,S.mansoni,S.japonicum Nice to Know *Routes of Various Parasitic Infection: # Parasites which causes Ingestion, Alimentary penetration >>Infectious Parasite •Taenia solium •Taenia saginata •Trichinella spiralis •Spirometra larval stage •Balantidium coli •E.granulosus •Toxoplasma gondii •Diphyllobothrium latum •Fasciola buski •Fasciola hepatica •Entamoeba histolytica •Ascaris lumbricoids •Hymenolepsis Nana •Trichuris trichiura # Parasites which causes inoculation of skin...
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How does parasite create disease in man?

How does parasite create disease in man? Ans: A) Direct physical or chemical damage:        1)By causing trauma :A.duodenale.         2)By causing lytic necrosis:E.histolytic in liver and intestine          3)By releasing toxins:E.histolytica B) By causing immunological injuries:      1.By causing inflammation:Leishmaniasis        2.By causing allergy:W. bancrofti in filariasis        3.By creating neoplastic changes:Clonorchis sinensis • Enumerate the insect borne parasitic diseases.Name parasites which are transmitted by insect vectors. Ans: Parasites which are transmitted by insect vectors: Parasite 1) Trypanosoma Insect vector ----Tsetse flies Diseases ----Trypanosomiasis 2) Leishmania Insect vector ----Sandflies Diseases ---Kala-azar 3) Plasmodia Insect...
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【】Mention five parasitic infections with  marked eosinophilia | Enumerate the parasite etiology eosinophilia

Mention Five Parasitic Infections with  Marked Eosinophilia  Ans: 1) Kala-azar(Caused by Leismania donovani)         2) Hybrid cyst (caused by E. granulosus)          3) Infection by A.lumbricoides                    4)Hook worm infection(A duodenale and N.americanus)          5) Filariasis (Caused by W.bancrofti) Nice to know: • Susceptibility to parasite depends on:      1)Age:Very young and old age.      2)Sex:Male is more susceptible than female.        3) Pregnancy: Steroid    > immunity         4) Malnutrition:Marasmus,K washiorkor           5) Immunodeficiency States:AIDS   ...
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Explain Various Host and Parasite Relationship

Explain Various Host and Parasite Relationship Here is the three host-parasite relationship.I have tried to explain it in easy language. 1.Symbiosis or Symbiotic Relationship with Examples An association in which both host and Parasite are so depended upon each other that one can't live without the help of other.e.g.zoochlorela and Chlorohydra viridisima. 2.Commmensalism With Examples An association in which the parasite only gets benefit without causing any injury to its host.e.g.Man and Entamoeba gingivalis(commensalism Examples) Read More : What is host? 3.Parasitism and Parasitism Examples An association in which the parasite gets benefits and causes some injury to its host.e.g. Man and ascaris lumbricoides. Next
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What Does Host Mean |Define Host | Host Definition |What is Host| Define Definitive Host and Intermediate Host

Host Definition|| What Does Host Mean Host is an organism which harbours the parasite. Classification of Host 1) Definitive Host The host which harbours the adult stage or where parasite utilizes the sexual method of reproduction.In the majority of human parasitic infections,man is the definitive host.e.g.Man(Host example) is the definitive host for Dyphylobothrium latumn,T.solium,T.saginata, Leishmania,filaria. 2) Intermediate Host The host which harbours the larval stages of parasite.Man is an intermediate host in malaria and hydatid disease.e.g. Cyclops fish in case of D.latum,T.solium. 3)Paratenic Host: A host where the parasite remains viable without further development.e.g.housefly for amebiasis. Question:Name 3 parasites that require two hosts to complete their life cycle with example. Ans.1) Plasmodium                   2) Leishmania donovani...
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What is a Parasite |Classify Parasites or types of Parasite|Pathological Conditions Caused by Each | Parasite Examples | Parasite Definition

What is a Parasite A living organism which receives nourishment and shelter from another organism where it lives. Classification of Parasites: 1.Ectoparasite:Lives outside on the surface of the body of the host.e.g.mite,louce. 2.Endoparasite:Lives inside the body of the host in the blood,tissue,body cavities,digestive tract and other organs.e.g.Entamoeba histolytica in liver and large intestine. 3.Temporary parasite: Visits it's host for a short period.e.g.Plasmodium malariae. 4.Permanent Parasites:Leads a parasitic life throughout the whole period of its life.e.g. •Ankylostoma duodenale(Hookworm) •Ascarris lumbricoides (Round worm) •T. Vaginalis. 5.Faculative parasite:Lives a parasitic life when opportunity arises.e.g.Cryptococcus neoformance. 6.Obligatory Parasite: Cannot exist without a parasitic life.e.g.Plasmodium,Ascaris lumbricoides. 7.Occasional /Accidental Parasite: Attacks an unusual host.e.g.Balantidium coli in pig,In man-hy...
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