How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?

 In this  post I will discuss how to  calculate the formal charge of O and H atom from the Lewis structure of H2O.


To find the formal charge of O and H atom from H2O Lewis structure,you need to apply the following formal charge formula:

●Formal charge = Valence electrons in neutral atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons) - Nonbonding  elctrons



Consider the best Lewis structure of  H2O molecule.Here you need to calculate the formal charge of oxygen atom and Hydrogen atom.

How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?
Or,

How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?


Formal charge of H atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral H atom is 1 as it is the element of group IA.
●Nonbonding electrons of H is 0.

●Bonding electrons of H is 2.

●Formal charge of H = Valence electrons in neutral H atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of H) - Nonbonding electrons of H

               =1 - 1/2(2) - 0

                =1 -1 - 0
                  
                   =0
So,the formal charge of H atom in H2O best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second H atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 


Formal charge of O atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral O atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Nonbonding electrons  of O is 4.

●Bonding electrons of O is 4.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of O) - Nonbonding electrons of O

               =6 - 1/2(4) - 4

                =6 -2 - 4
                  =6-6
                   =0
So,the formal charge of O atom in H2O best Lewis structure is 0.


Now if you add  the formal charge of each atom,you will get (0+0+0=0) zero.This means that H2O'overall charge is zero.
How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?
How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?

Here is the another formula for calculating the formal charge of atoms from H2O Lewis structure.

Formal Charge=Valence Electrons -Dots - Lines
           
      Formal charge of H atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral H atom is 1 as it is the element of group IA.
●Dots electrons of H is 0.

●Lines or bonds of H is 1.

●Formal charge of H = Valence electrons in neutral H atom -Dots - Lines

= 1 - 0 - 1
= 1 - 1
=0

So,the formal charge of H atom in H2O best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second H atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 

Formal charge of O atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral oxygen atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Dots electrons of O is 4.

●Lines or bonds of O is 2.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom -Dots - Lines

= 6 - 4 - 2
= 6 -6
=0

                
 Summary:

The formal charges of H and O atoms in best H2O   Lewis Structure is zero.                              









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