How to calculate the formal charge of H2O

 Solution:
The formal charge of hydrogen (H) and oxygen(O) in H2O is zero.

Explanation:
In this post,I am going to show you how to calculate formal charge of each atom in H2O.
To find the formal charge of a atom from H2O  Lewis structure,you need to apply the following formal charge formula or equation:
●Formal charge = Valence electrons in neutral atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons) - Nonbonding electronsFormal charge formula or equation




 

Consider the best Lewis structure of  H2O molecule.Here you need to calculate the formal charge of oxygen atom and Hydrogen atom.

How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?
Or,

How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?


Formal charge of H atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral H atom is 1 as it is the element of group IA.
●Nonbonding electrons of H is 0.

●Bonding electrons of H is 2.

●Formal charge of H = Valence electrons in neutral H atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of H) - Nonbonding electrons of H

               =1 - 1/2(2) - 0

                =1 -1 - 0
                  
                   =0
So,the formal charge of H atom in H2O best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second H atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 


Formal charge of O atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral O atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Nonbonding electrons  of O is 4.

●Bonding electrons of O is 4.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of O) - Nonbonding electrons of O

               =6 - 1/2(4) - 4

                =6 -2 - 4
                  =6-6
                   =0
So,the formal charge of O atom in H2O best Lewis structure is 0.


Now if you add  the formal charge of each atom,you will get (0+0+0=0) zero.This means that H2O'overall charge is zero.
How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?
How to calculate formal charge of O and H in H2O Lewis structure?

Here is the another formula for calculating the formal charge of atoms from H2O Lewis structure.

Formal Charge=Valence Electrons -Dots - Lines
           
      Formal charge of H atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral H atom is 1 as it is the element of group IA.
●Dots electrons of H is 0.

●Lines or bonds of H is 1.

●Formal charge of H = Valence electrons in neutral H atom -Dots - Lines

= 1 - 0 - 1
= 1 - 1
=0

So,the formal charge of H atom in H2O best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second H atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 

Formal charge of O atom in H2O:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral oxygen atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Dots electrons of O is 4.

●Lines or bonds of O is 2.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom -Dots - Lines

= 6 - 4 - 2
= 6 -6
=0

                
 Summary:

The formal charges of H and O atoms in best H2O   Lewis Structure is zero.                              









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