How to calculate the formal charge of CO2

The formal charge of carbon(C) and oxygen(O) in CO2 is zero.

Explanation:

In this post,I am going to show you how to calculate formal charge of each atom in CO2.


To find the formal charge of a atom from CO2  Lewis structure,you need to apply the following formal charge formula or equation:

●Formal charge = Valence electrons in neutral atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons) - Nonbonding electrons

Formal charge formula or equation






Now consider the best Lewis structure of CO2 molecule.Here you need to calculate the formal charge of oxygen atom and carbon atom.

How to calculate the formal charge of CO2
How to calculate the formal charge of CO2


Formal charge of O atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral oxygen atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Nonbonding electrons of O is 4.

●Bonding electrons of O is 4.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of O) -Nonbonding elctrons of O

               =6  - 1/2(4) - 4

                =6 -2 -4
                  =6-6
                   =0
So,the formal charge of O atom in CO2 best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second O atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 


Formal charge of C atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral carbon atom is 4 as it is the element of group IVA.
●Nonbonding electrons of C is 0.

●Bonding electrons of C is 8.

●Formal charge of C = Valence electrons in neutral C atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of C) - Nonbonding elctrons of C

               =4 - 1/2(8) - 0

                =4-4
                  =0
So,the formal charge of C atom in CO2 best Lewis structure is 0.

Now if you add  the formal charge of each atom,you will get (0+0+0=0) zero.This means that CO2'overall charge is zero.

Here is the another formula for calculating the formal charge of atoms from a Lewis structure.

Formal Charge=Valence Electrons -Dots - Lines


Formal charge of O atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral oxygen atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Dots electrons of O is 4.

●Lines or bonds of O is 2.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom -Dots - Lines

= 6 - 4 - 2
= 6 -6
=0

So,the formal charge of O atom in CO2 best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second O atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 


Formal charge of C atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral carbon atom is 4 as it is the element of group IVA.
●Dots electrons of C is 0.

●Lines or bonds of C is 4.

●Formal charge of C = Valence electrons in neutral C atom -Dots - Lines

= 4 - 0 - 4
= 4 -4
=0


















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