How to calculate formal charge of C and O in CO2 Lewis structure?

In this  post I will discuss how to  calculate the formal charge of C and O atom from the Lewis structure of CO2.


To find the formal charge of C and O atom from CO2 Lewis structure,you need to apply the following formal charge formula:

●Formal charge = Valence electrons in neutral atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons) - Nonbonding elctrons



Consider the best Lewis structure of CO2 molecule.Here you need to calculate the formal charge of oxygen atom and carbon atom.

How to calculate formal charge of C and O in CO2 Lewis structure?
How to calculate formal charge of C and O in CO2 Lewis structure?



Formal charge of O atom in CO2:


●The number of valence electrons in a neutral oxygen atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Nonbonding electrons of O is 4.

●Bonding electrons of O is 4.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of O)- Nonbonding elctrons of O

               =6  - 1/2(4) - 4

                =6 -2 -4
                  =6-6
                   =0
So,the formal charge of O atom in CO2 best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second O atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 


Formal charge of C atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral carbon atom is 4 as it is the element of group IVA.
●Nonbonding electrons of C is 0.

●Bonding electrons of C is 8.

●Formal charge of C = Valence electrons in neutral C atom - 1/2 (Bonding Electrons of C) -  Nonbonding electrons of C

               =4 - 1/2(8) - 0

                =4-4
                  =0
So,the formal charge of C atom in CO2 best Lewis structure is 0.

Now if you add  the formal charge of each atom,you will get (0+0+0=0) zero.This means that CO2'overall charge is zero.

Here is the another formula for calculating the formal charge of C and O atoms from the CO2 Lewis structure.

Formal Charge=Valence Electrons -Dots - Lines


Formal charge of O atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral oxygen atom is 6 as it is the element of group VIA.
●Dots electrons of O is 4.

●Lines or bonds of O is 2.

●Formal charge of O = Valence electrons in neutral O atom -Dots - Lines

= 6 - 4 - 2
= 6 -6
=0

So,the formal charge of O atom in CO2 best Lewis structure is 0.Since the second O atom is in the same electronic environment,it's formal charge also will be zero. 


Formal charge of C atom in CO2:

●The number of valence electrons in a neutral carbon atom is 4 as it is the element of group IVA.
●Dots electrons of C is 0.

●Lines or bonds of C is 4.

●Formal charge of C = Valence electrons in neutral C atom -Dots - Lines

= 4 - 0 - 4
= 4 -4
=0

Summary:

The formal charges of C and O in the best CO2 Lewis Structure is zero.




 

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